Research studies have shown a strong association between periodontal disease and other chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, pregnancy complications, and respiratory disease.

Periodontal disease is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gums, infection below the gum line, and the presence of disease-causing bacteria in the oral region. Halting its progression and maintaining excellent oral hygiene not only reduces gum disease and bone loss but may also lower the risk of developing other serious health issues.

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Common Cofactors Associated with Periodontal Disease

Diabetes

Individuals with pre-existing diabetes are more susceptible to periodontal disease. Periodontal disease can raise blood sugar levels, making glucose control more difficult and increasing the risk of diabetic complications. Conversely, diabetes thickens blood vessels, making it harder for the mouth to remove excess sugar, which encourages the growth of bacteria that cause gum disease.

Heart Disease

Several mechanisms may link periodontal disease and heart disease:

  • Oral bacteria associated with gum disease can attach to coronary arteries when entering the bloodstream, contributing to blood clot formation and narrowing of arteries, potentially leading to a heart attack.
  • Chronic inflammation from periodontal disease may increase plaque buildup, swell arteries, and worsen pre-existing heart conditions. Patients whose bodies react strongly to periodontal bacteria may have an elevated risk of heart disease.

Pregnancy Complications

Hormonal fluctuations during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause can increase the risk of periodontal disease in women. Pregnant women with periodontal disease may be at higher risk for:

  • Preeclampsia
  • Premature or underweight babies

Periodontitis elevates prostaglandin levels, which may trigger premature labor, and increases C-reactive proteins that amplify inflammation, contributing to complications.

Respiratory Disease

Oral bacteria linked to gum disease may contribute to or worsen conditions like emphysema, pneumonia, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Bacteria can be inhaled into the lower respiratory tract, causing infections. Gum inflammation may also exacerbate lung inflammation, increasing the severity of respiratory conditions, especially in individuals with compromised immunity.

If you have questions or concerns about periodontal disease and its connection to overall health, please contact our office. We care about your smile and your well-being!