Periodontics is the dental specialty focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of periodontal disease, which affects the gums and jawbone. The gums support the teeth, while the underlying jawbone anchors them firmly in place. Periodontists undergo additional years of specialized training to maintain the function, health, and aesthetics of the gums and jawbone.

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Reasons for Periodontal Treatment

Periodontal disease is a progressive condition that begins as mild gum inflammation called gingivitis. It is the leading cause of tooth loss among adults in developed countries and requires careful attention. Gum disease often presents with red, swollen, painful, or bleeding gums, though sometimes symptoms are not noticeable.

The disease usually starts when bacteria in dental plaque infect the tissues surrounding teeth, causing irritation and discomfort. If untreated, this infection can lead to jawbone recession and loosening of teeth.

When Periodontal Treatment May Be Necessary

  • Moderate/Advanced Gum Disease: Bleeding, swollen, or red gums affecting most teeth, with signs of jawbone recession.
  • Localized Gum Recession: Infection may start in a single area, or result from over-brushing with a hard-bristled brush or misaligned teeth. Prompt treatment is needed to prevent spread.
  • Before Crown Lengthening: The periodontist may remove surrounding soft tissue to expose more of the tooth’s crown.
  • Ridge Augmentation: Also called recontouring, this procedure corrects an uneven gum line. Existing infections and periodontitis must be treated first.

Treatment Approaches

For mild to moderate periodontal disease, the focus is on eliminating bacterial infections and providing guidance on effective home care methods. Deep scaling may be performed to remove plaque and calculus (tartar) from teeth and gums. In severe cases with significant jawbone loss, intensive cleaning or removal of unsalvageable teeth may be necessary.

Periodontists are also trained in dental implant procedures, which restore oral functionality when teeth have been affected by periodontitis.

Because periodontal disease is progressive, removing bacterial buildup is essential to prevent further infection. Your dentist or periodontist can provide advice on the most effective cleaning methods and treatment options.