A periodontist is a dental specialist focused on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infections and diseases affecting the gums and jawbone that support the teeth. In addition to four years of dental school, periodontists complete an additional three years of advanced training, learning the latest techniques to treat periodontal disease and place dental implants. Many periodontists also perform cosmetic procedures to enhance the appearance of the smile.

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Understanding Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease begins when bacteria in plaque attack the gums, embedding into the tissue and causing infection. As the infection progresses, it inflames the gums, forming deep pockets between teeth. If untreated, the infection reaches the jawbone, leading to receding bone, unstable teeth, and eventual tooth loss.

Referrals and Self-Referral

Treatment from a periodontist can be sought via referral from a general dentist or through self-referral. If your dentist or hygienist detects signs of gingivitis or rapidly progressing periodontal disease during a routine check-up, they may recommend a consultation with a periodontist. However, referrals are not required to schedule an appointment directly.

Signs You Should See a Periodontist

  • Bleeding while eating or brushing: Unexplained bleeding is often an early sign of periodontal infection.
  • Persistent bad breath: Halitosis that continues despite good oral hygiene can indicate gum infection.
  • Loose teeth or gum recession: Receding gums and shifting or loose teeth may signal advanced periodontal disease.
  • Gangrene in the tissues: While hard to self-diagnose, a periodontist can detect tissue necrosis in gums, bone, and periodontal ligaments.
  • Related health conditions: Heart disease, diabetes, osteopenia, and osteoporosis are linked to periodontal infections, as bacteria may enter the bloodstream and affect other organs.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Periodontists thoroughly examine the gums, jawbone, and teeth before initiating treatment. Once gingivitis or periodontal disease is diagnosed, a combination of surgical and non-surgical options may be used to treat infection, halt tissue recession, and restore missing teeth.

Treatment Approaches

  • Gingivitis/Mild Periodontal Disease: Gum pockets over 4mm may be treated with scaling and root planing to remove debris and promote healing, along with education on proper oral hygiene.
  • Moderate Periodontal Disease: Gum pockets 4–6mm in depth may require more extensive scaling and root planing, typically under local anesthesia.
  • Advanced Periodontal Disease: Gum pockets over 6–7mm, often with bone loss and recession, may be treated surgically in addition to nonsurgical scaling and root planing.
  • Tooth Loss: Missing teeth due to periodontal disease may be replaced with dental implants. Bone grafting may be necessary if the jawbone is insufficient to anchor the implant.

If you have questions about periodontal disease, treatment options, or dental implants, please contact your periodontist to schedule a consultation.